In 2012, the estimated adult prevalence in the general population was 0.27 percent and the total number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) people living with HIV/AIDS was estimated to be 20.89 lakh . Children less than 15 years of age accounted for percent (1.45 lakh). India is estimated to have around 1.16 lakh annual new HIV infections among adults and around 14,500 new HIV infections among children in 2011.
Virus: Classification, Structure and Genome
HIV is a Lentivirus that infects and destroys cells in the immune system. Lentiviruses are in turn
part of a larger group of viruses known as retroviruses. The name 'lentivirus' means 'slow virus.'
They are thus named because they take a long time, often many years, to produce adverse
effects in the body. There are two HIV types, HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is the most prevalent type
throughout the world. HIV-2 has limited geographic distribution. HIV-1 is closely related to
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV), prevalent in populations of wild chimpanzees in West-
Central Africa.
HIV is an enveloped virus as shown in figure. The virus envelope is composed of two Phospholipid layers derived from the host cell membrane. The envelope also contains the trimers of an envelope coated protein, glycoprotein (gp) 160. Gp160 is composed of two subunits, gp120 and gp41. While gp120 has external protein and contains sites that bind CD4 cells and co-receptors on the surface of human CD4 T cells, gp41 is membrane bound protein. Inside the viral envelope there is a layer called the matrix, which is made from the protein p17.
The viral core (or capsid) is usually bullet-shaped and is made up of protein p24. Inside the core
are three enzymes required for HIV replication: Reverse Transcriptase (RT), integrase and
protease, they are the 3 important factor of HIV 's life they are found in nucleocapsid, Also held within the core is HIV genetic material which consists of two positive strands
of single stranded Ribonucleic Acid (RNA).
We know that T helper cells is the main target for HIV, other cells can become infected as well., they include MONOCYTES , MACROPHAGES and etc, they can hold them together like as a friend , and they don't get killed , they acts like a hypnotized person , some of them T helper cells acts like a reservoirs of the HIV virus
HIV genome is approximately 9.1 Kb in size ans carries 9 gene and a long terminal repeat region at either ends of genome. There are 3 structural genes are present there , these genes are known as
1. ENVELOP (env) helps for coding for envelop of HIV
2. GROUP SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (gag) helps in coding for caspid and matrix
3. DNA POLYMARESE (pol) helps in coding for integrase, protease, reverse transcriptase enzyme.
and there is a other gene whose name is TRANS ACTIVATOR OF TRANSCRIPTION (tat) helps for virus replication
Virus: Classification, Structure and Genome
HIV is a Lentivirus that infects and destroys cells in the immune system. Lentiviruses are in turn
part of a larger group of viruses known as retroviruses. The name 'lentivirus' means 'slow virus.'
They are thus named because they take a long time, often many years, to produce adverse
effects in the body. There are two HIV types, HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is the most prevalent type
throughout the world. HIV-2 has limited geographic distribution. HIV-1 is closely related to
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV), prevalent in populations of wild chimpanzees in West-
Central Africa.
The viral core (or capsid) is usually bullet-shaped and is made up of protein p24. Inside the core
are three enzymes required for HIV replication: Reverse Transcriptase (RT), integrase and
protease, they are the 3 important factor of HIV 's life they are found in nucleocapsid, Also held within the core is HIV genetic material which consists of two positive strands
of single stranded Ribonucleic Acid (RNA).
We know that T helper cells is the main target for HIV, other cells can become infected as well., they include MONOCYTES , MACROPHAGES and etc, they can hold them together like as a friend , and they don't get killed , they acts like a hypnotized person , some of them T helper cells acts like a reservoirs of the HIV virus
HIV genome is approximately 9.1 Kb in size ans carries 9 gene and a long terminal repeat region at either ends of genome. There are 3 structural genes are present there , these genes are known as
1. ENVELOP (env) helps for coding for envelop of HIV
2. GROUP SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (gag) helps in coding for caspid and matrix
3. DNA POLYMARESE (pol) helps in coding for integrase, protease, reverse transcriptase enzyme.
and there is a other gene whose name is TRANS ACTIVATOR OF TRANSCRIPTION (tat) helps for virus replication
No comments:
Post a Comment